Chapter 8 · Nine Changes · 九變

Passage 8-9

故將有五危: 必死可殺也, 必生可虜也, 忿速可侮也, 廉潔可辱也, 愛民可煩也;

Five dangers for a general: 1. Recklessness—he can be killed 2. Cowardice—he can be captured 3. Quick temper—he can be provoked 4. Excessive honor—he can be shamed 5. Excessive compassion—he can be harassed

What does this passage really mean for modern strategy?

Ask Sun →

Explore Further

These passages from other chapters connect to the themes in Passage 8-9:

More from Chapter 8: Nine Changes (九變)

Passage 8-1: Sun Tzu said: In warfare, the general receives orders from the sovereign, mobili... Passage 8-2: On difficult ground, do not encamp On intersecting ground, form alliances On iso... Passage 8-3: Some roads should not be traveled Some armies should not be attacked Some cities... Passage 8-4: The general who masters the advantages of the nine variations understands warfar... Passage 8-5: A commander who does not understand the methods of the nine variations cannot ge... Passage 8-6: The wise consider both advantage and disadvantage. By weighing advantage within ... Passage 8-7: Subdue other rulers through harm Employ them through tasks Move them through adv... Passage 8-8: In warfare, do not rely on the enemy not coming—rely on being prepared. Do not r...